Article Title :
Geospatial Mapping and Accessibility Analysis of Eye Health Facilities: A Case Study of Dhaka City Corporation 
Mazed Parvez
,
A H Md Mahabub Nawaz
,
Faisal M Ahamed
,
Syed Tanim Ahmed
,
Laila Begum
,
Fazle Rabby
,
Nawal Sarwer
9 (2025)
56-68
Average nearest neighbor , Eye care , GIS , Healthcare facility , Public Health
Access to quality eye care is vital for public health, yet in Bangladesh, it is hindered by inadequate infrastructure, limited facilities, and insufficiently trained personnel. This study examines the accessibility and spatial distribution of eye health services in Dhaka City Corporation using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Eight Key Informant Interviews (KIIs), and Six Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). GIS analysis revealed that only 14% of the city is adequately served, 45% is overserved, and 41% is underserved. The Average Nearest Neighbour (ANN) analysis indicated a significantly dispersed pattern (ANN ratio = 3.34; z-score = 20.49; p < 0.001). Key challenges include financial constraints (66.7% of respondents), poor accessibility for people with disabilities, transportation barriers, and lack of service information. While 68.8% of participants were satisfied with services and gender parity was noted, gaps in coverage and consistency persist. The findings call for equitable distribution of resources, mobile outreach, and improved affordability.
Only 14% of Dhaka City is adequately served regarding eye care hospitals, while 45% is overserved and 41% underserved, showing poor resource distribution.
ANN ratio 3.34 confirms facilities are widely dispersed, increasing travel time and delaying access.
About 66.7% face financial barriers, the highest among low-income households (<10,000 BDT/month).
People with disabilities and slum dwellers face significant access challenges due to poor infrastructure, transport, and a lack of information.
Dhaka North is overserved, while Dhaka South is underserved, especially in dense peripheral areas.
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